Four pillars 4 2 serial ports10/28/2022 ![]() ![]() Previous research has confirmed four dimensions of temperament: novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence, which are independently heritable, manifest early in life, and involve preconceptual biases in perceptual memory and habit formation. In this study, we describe a psychobiological model of the structure and development of personality that accounts for dimensions of both temperament and character. We discuss the implications for studies of information processing, inheritance, development, diagnosis, and treatment. Data on 300 individuals from the general population support the reliability and structure of these seven personality dimensions. We also describe the conceptual background and development of a self-report measure of these dimensions, the Temperament and Character Inventory. Each aspect of self-concept corresponds to one of three character dimensions called self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence, respectively. Self-concepts vary according to the extent to which a person identifies the self as (1) an autonomous individual, (2) an integral part of humanity, and (3) an integral part of the universe as a whole. For the first time, we describe three dimensions of character that mature in adulthood and influence personal and social effectiveness by insight learning about self-concepts. Our results suggest the utility of four pillars theory (beyond fortune telling or astrology) for classifying personality traits and making behavioral predictions. Features predicted by four pillars theory were most consistent when participants were grouped according to the yin/yang of the day stem and dominance of yin/yang numbers in the eight heavenly or earthly stems.Īlthough the major criteria of four pillars theory were not independently correlated with personality scale scores, correlations emerged when participants were grouped according to the composite yin/yang variable. For the six gods and personality scales, there were significant but weak (r=0.18-0.25) correlations. There were significant but weak (r=0.18-0.29) correlations between the five elements and personality scale scores. ![]() There were no significant correlations between personality scale scores and total yin/yang number (i.e., the 8 heavenly or earthly stems), and no significant between-groups results for classifications by yin/yang day stem and the five elements. Mean difference tests (e.g., t-test, ANOVA) were compared with groups classified by four pillars index. Participants completed two personality tests, the Korean version of Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short Version (TCI) and the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems scores were correlated with four pillars classification elements. ![]() The present study investigated the validity of personality classification using four pillars theory, a tradition in China and northeastern Asia.įour pillars analyses were performed for 148 adults on the basis of their birth year, month, day, and hour. ![]()
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